![]() ![]() What is the atomic mass? The sum of the number of protons and neutrons. Using the atomic mass of 132.91 and the atomic number of 55, the number of neutrons is easy to spot. But with a little reasoning, the number of neutrons shouldn’t be hard to find. For those three things, you were looking at something on the periodic table and stating what you saw, but for the number of neutrons, it is not written anywhere on the periodic table at all. Finding the number of neutrons is a bit different from finding the family number, group number, and element classification. Cesium is in the first family, so it has one valence electron. The family number tells you the number of electrons in the valence, or outermost, energy level. Families are the eight tall columns that are labeled one to eight from left to right. Families are the same idea but are a little different. The groups, or vertical columns, are labeled one to eighteen from left to right. The groups, or families, are similar too. Since cesium is in the sixth row from the top, it has six energy levels. ![]() The periods, or horizontal rows, tell you how many energy levels your element has. ![]() The period number and group number are fairly self-explanatory, but knowing how to find these can tell you things about the atom that would not be otherwise easy to figure out. Once you know that cesium is a metal, you can draw many conclusions about how it behaves under certain circumstances. Those elements to the left of the line, like cesium, are metals while those to the right are non-metals. On some periodic tables this is red, on others it is bolded black, but no matter how it is distinguished, it makes a very important characteristic of any element known. On any periodic table, there is a zig-zag line on the right side of it. The element classification tells a lot about a particular element and is easy to find. The atomic mass, number, and symbol are written out for you, but if you look a bit harder you can tell the element classification, period number, group number, and the number of neutrons. Using the periodic table, you can find things out about cesium, or any element, that are not explicitly written. Isotopes are all the different kinds of cesium, some having more neutrons than another, therefore having a different mass. The mass of an atom is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons, and the atomic mass is the average of all the masses of an element and its isotopes. Cs, or Cesium, has 55 protons which you know from the atomic number. For example, the atomic number, the atomic weight, and the atomic symbol are in the element key. When you look at the periodic table, some things are instantly apparent about the element cesium. ![]()
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